Showing posts with label food storage. Show all posts
Showing posts with label food storage. Show all posts

Sunday, January 15, 2012

Food buying, storage and handling- part four

Part Four- food "scraps"


We have all been there- you have just a small amount of pasta, cereal, meat pieces, etc.  However, none is enough for a meal.  Or maybe you have made too much rice and don't want to eat stir fry again.  Produce is also something to go bad quick, creating a lot of waste.  So what do you do with those little bits?  How do you use up that wilted spinach or mushy banana?  Here are some ideas and tips to get the most out of your food "scraps".

*Make soup!
     Soup can be a great way to use up all your food scraps. You can put almost anything into soup and it is a good way to use up small amounts of things.  Here are some soup ideas:
     + Chop up the miserable looking carrots, the wilty spinach and throw in the rest of that can of corn from last night's dinner.
     +Use left over meat such as chicken or sausage from a prior meal.  Or, if you have maybe a small chicken breast in your freezer with some slight freezer burn, putting it into a soup with many other items will lessen the freezer burn taste.
     +Only have a half cup of rice or noodles, not enough for a big meal, but enough not to waste, you can put that into your soup too.
     +Don't hesitate to make use of left over mashed potatoes, adding them to soup will help thicken your soup.

*Make your own broths
No need to spend $1 or more on a small little can of broth when you can easily make your own without buying anything extra.

     +Don't throw out the chicken or turkey "bones".  You could also use meat pieces for this.  I like to add some onion to mine usually as well.  Add it to a pot with just enough water to cover.  Simmer until liquid has reduced by 1/4-1/3.  Remove the bones and discard.  Let broth cool.  You may want to refrigerate as some of the fat will come to the top, which you can skim off.  Put into freezer safe containers and label.
      +Veggie broth can be made a few different ways and with different vegetables.  This is a good way to use up vegetables that are getting mushy or wilted.  Or if you have left over fresh vegetables from making a soup or garnish tray and don't have plans to use them, this is a good way to make use of them.  I personally find that carrots, celery, onion and a few herbs are easy and flavorful.  You could also use cabbage or other greens, peppers, etc.  Add about 3 cups worth of mixed, diced vegetables to a large soup pot with water (about 6-8 cups) simmer until reduced by 1/4 to 1/3.  Using a colander with a bowl under to catch the broth, pour broth into colander.  You could also use a skimmer to scoop out the vegetables.  If you want a bit of a twist, you could let the pot cool slightly and put it into a blender and blend with the vegetables for a thicker broth.  Freeze in labeled containers.

*Left over pastas and rice

  Aside from soup, rice and pastas can be used in many different dishes in small amounts.  Here are some ideas:
      ~Dry rice and pasta
        +Designate a container to hold all of your "end of box" pastas.  As we use different pastas for different things, there is often a small amount left.  Add that small amount to the container.  Break up spaghetti, fettuchini, etc.  After a while, you'll have enough to make a whole meal.  Remember, most pasta is good for a few years.
         + Another option for small amounts of pasta is to add it to a salad or use it as a side for lunch or dinner for a single person.  Cook pasta, cool under running cold water and add to a leafy salad for a little something extra.  Or, cook and add a little butter and some seasoning or cheese for a side dish.
         + Rice can go a long way, so a little bit left could actually be enough for a meal.  Other than brown rice, most rice will keep forever.
        + Consider adding small amounts of rice to soups or meatloaf.

     ~Cooked rice and pasta
           +Left over plain pasta can easily be turned into a quick pasta salad.  Add your favorite dressing, some cheese, veggies etc.
            +Rice is very versatile and can be used in sides, main dishes, soups, etc.  It can also be used for a sweet treat.  Search recipes for rice pudding or eat in place of oatmeal, adding raisins, brown sugar and milk, etc.

*Cereal
     You get to the end of your cereal box and have less than you would need  make a bowl or there is a little bit that is on the verge of going stale and you don't want cereal.  Here are some ideas of what to do with it.

        + Eat it dry as a snack, maybe pack it in with lunch.
        + Make your own snack mix:  Add in other cereals, crackers, nuts, seeds, etc.
        + Make cereal bars, like rice crispy treats.  If you have enough or if you have a couple different cereals that would work well for these, you could combine them with marshmallow and butter to make your own cereal bars
        +  Some cereals work well in cookies and muffins.  Try allrecipes.com for ideas.

*Crackers and chips

       + Crush into crumbs and use as a breading for chicken or fish, etc.  I have found tortilla chip crumbs make an excellent breading for chicken.  You could really use probably any type though.
      + Crush flavored chips and crackers into more of a "powder" and add to your favorite dip sour cream to add a kick of flavor.
       +  Add to pasta salads for a bit of flavor

*Vegetables

    This category is pretty vague as there are many different vegetables that are good for different things.  Mainly remember most vegetables, while not best flavor and texture quality will be good even if wilted or starting to brown.  Watch for mold and brown spots or mush.  Cut the bad spots out.  Use your personal preference as to what vegetables you would like to use.
       +As stated above, great to add to soups or to make broth
      + Add to stir fry
       +Dice into small pieces and add to spaghetti sauce or other casseroles
       +Squashes are great for making breads and cakes.  Aside from zucchini bread, try using butternut squash in place of pumpkin.  Get creative.

*Fruits

      Like vegetables, fruits can go bad quickly as well.  They are also still edible even with rough spots.  Watch for brown spots, mold, mushy spots and cut them out.
       +Use fruits such as apples, peaches and pears as a topper for hot oatmeal.
       +Cook fruits until soft, mash and cool.  Eat like you would apple sauce.  You could also add it for flavor to oatmeal, yogurt, cottage cheese, etc.
       +Use in breads such as banana bread, apple bread etc.  You could get creative with other fruits as well.  Search for recipes that use the fruit you have.

*Sauces and Condiments
   
    There is a condiment for everything, so naturally we all seem to have 20 open bottles of this and that.  Sometimes it is hard to used up all of something.
        + Consider making your own marinades by mixing similar dressings and sauces.
        + Stretch your BBQ sauce by adding some ketchup, Worchesershire, honey, brown sugar, and mustard.
        + Experiment with alternatives to stir fry sauce or meatloaf ingredients with items you will find among your condiments.
        + Make pasta salad to use up little bits of salad dressing, mayo, mustard.
        +Use left over spaghetti, pizza or marinara sauces  for dipping grilled cheese sandwiches, topping garlic toast


*Misc.
     +Visit recipe web sites such as allrecipes.com.  You have an option of listing ingredients you have on hand and it will come up with various things you can make with those items.
     +Plan consecutive day meals so that you can use part of your left overs without eating the same meal.  Such as making a large amount of chicken and rice.  You can have chicken tacos one day and chicken with rice soup the next.
      +Left overs and "end of bag/box" things are a good way to experiment with trying new things and coming up with new dishes.  If you are using the last bits of things that would otherwise maybe not get eaten, it is a little less of a "lost" feeling if your creations don't come out as planned.
   
   
       

Friday, January 6, 2012

Food buying, storage and handling- part two

Part two- proper storing of foods


Knowing how and where to store your different food items is key to maximizing your food and your grocery dollar.  This part will cover basic food storage including what type of packaging to store your food in, where to store your food for best longevity and how to keep track of what you have so you are less likely to waste your food.  Buying fresh items during sales and in the peak growing season (produce) is a great way to save money. Also, growing your own food can bring in a lot of fresh produce which can be used fresh, canned or frozen.   Most foods can be frozen, which helps to keep your grocery bill lower by using items you have frozen throughout the year.

*Freezing foods

    +What kind of packaging and how to package it.

          ~Meats should be wrapped in smaller portions for easier defrosting and use.  Unless you are freezing a whole bird, a large roast, etc.  It is ideal to package meats such as hamburger or pork chops in small portions.      Freezer paper, freezer grade zip top plastic bags and heavy foil are recommended for freezing meats.  Be sure to squeeze out as much air as possible before sealing bags. Double wrapping helps prevent freezer burn and wasted, poor tasting meat.  Wrap in foil or other wrap and then place in zip top bag.   Most meats will freeze for 2-6 months depending on the meat.  This is the time that is considered suitable to maintain flavor.

          ~ Fresh fruits can be frozen.  Most fresh fruits, if properly frozen and stored can last for 8-12 months frozen.  It is suggested you place berries on a pan in a single layer, then freeze.  Once frozen, transfer to air tight freezer bag or bowl with lid.  Other fruits such as peaches, apples and pineapple may be frozen as well, but require a little more prep work.  See the following detailed explanation on freezing fruits.   http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09331.html

          ~Fresh vegetables can be frozen, but first must be blanched. Frozen vegetables are good for 12-18 months frozen.   Blanching is a quick dip in boiling water, it is a method used to keep the enzymes in fresh vegetables from maturing, causing the food to brown or rot. For more information on blanching, see the following link:  http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09330.html   Freeze blanched and dried vegetables in meal- sized portions in freezer zip top bags or containers.  See listed link for specific details.

          ~Left overs.  Most left overs can be frozen.  Items that freeze well are items that have a sauce or liquid such as soups, casseroles, pasta sauce, etc.  Allow food to cool and place in single serve containers.  Plastic containers with a tight fitting lid.  Allow 1/2" space on top of food in container.  You may also use freezer bags.  Items with mayonnaise do not freeze well.  See link for more info.  http://blog.nola.com/judywalker/2008/06/how_to_freeze_leftover_foods.html

          ~Cookies,  cakes and breads freeze well.  Let cool and place in zip top bag.  I suggest cakes and breads be made in cup cake form for easy individual servings.  Or, cut breads and cakes before freezing.  Good idea for always having some on hand.  Simply remove a couple pieces and pop in microwave for a few seconds to defrost.  Most taste good up to about 2 months.

     +How to store items in freezer

          ~Make sure all items are properly wrapped.
          ~Rotate old and new items so you are using up your frozen foods before they go bad.
          ~ It is a good idea to label your foods with dates.  Most freezer storage bags have a write on area.  Write the item and date and if you prefer the amount (such as 1lb of burger, 1 cup of broth, etc).  Use tape and marker to label containers.
          ~Try to arrange like items together so they are easier to find.
          ~Fill freezer at least 3/4 full.  The fuller the freezer, the better it keeps things frozen and the more efficiently they are kept.  Defrost regularly if needed
          ~Inventory your freezer regularly so you get the most out of your food.  Consider making a meal out of items that are nearing their best freezer-life.
       
*Refrigerating foods

     Most fresh produce, meats, dairy, condiments and beverages do best in the refrigerator.  Be sure to check stilltasty.com to see how long to keep specific items.  Here are some tips to get the best out of the food in your fridge:

     +Never store eggs in the door.  The opening and closing causes temperature change and eggs should be kept at a constant temperature.  Ideally, keep them in their original carton near the back of the fridge.
     +Keep all foods covered with a lid, foil or plastic wrap so the food doesn't dry out, soil other foods with smell, leech flavors from other foods or get contaminated.
     + Use your fridge's bins for what they are intended.  Example- use the crisper drawer for your fruits and veggies, or the butter keeper in the door for butter.
     + When storing fresh meat, keep wrapped while in the refrigerator.  Consider keeping it wrapped in a grocery store plastic bag or placing package in a container so if it leaks, it will not contaminate other foods.
     + Rotate your stock.  Pull close to outdated items toward the front to be used up before going bad.
     +  If keeping onions and garlic in the refrigerator, keep uncut onions/garlic wrapped in a bag to keep from leeching out smells onto other foods.

     +  Keep like items grouped together.  Cheeses, fruits, snacks, beverages, etc.
     +keep  a box of open baking soda in your refrigerator to help keep food fresh
     +Clean fridge regularly.  Make sure to clean walls, drawers, racks and in door.
   
*Pantry/Cupboard storage

     + boxed, jarred, canned and bagged foods store best in pantries.  Kept in a relatively cool and dark place,  these items will stay fresh for a long time.  Items in jars exposed to light can change color and flavor, keep stored behind doors for best results.
   
     +Boxed and bagged foods
          ~Pastas, grains, flour,sugar store well opened or unopened in their original packaging.  Also consider transferring to a plastic or glass container for easy storage.  Avoid storing in areas that can get damp as this may ruin your foods.  Tuck a bay leaf in a bag of flour or the corner of a cabinet to keep pests away.
          ~Cereal, crackers, chips and pretzels will keep longer without going stale if you fold the top of the bag over a couple times and secure.  "chip clips" are ideal, also consider using a clothes pin, large paper clip or tape to keep items closed.  Also keep in dry area.
          ~Don't throw out a small little bit of pasta, cereal, chips, etc.  Consider designating a container for "left overs".  One for pastas, one for snack items.  Many people will use all but the last little bit.  Instead of throwing the last part out, round up all of your "almost gone" bags and make your own snack mix or mix the last bits of a couple types of pasta into a container and keep in your cupboard for last minute meals.
          ~Keep taller items in back and shorter in front so you can keep track of what you have.

     +Canned items

          ~Keep like items together for easy searching.  Many cans are the same sizes, so it makes it hard to find things.
          ~Watch for badly dented cans.  While usually it is okay to eat from dented cans, if you don't know when the dent happened, it can mean many "bad things" though.  Deformed or dented cans can cause tiny cracks in the can which can cause bacteria to form.  It can also mean the food inside wasn't canned properly or that bacteria is growing inside.
          ~Store away from excessive heat and avoid freezing, as items inside may expand when frozen and also may change flavor.

*Other Miscellany
     +  Depending on how much room you have, try to store like items together so they are easier to find.  Keep canned soups together, vegetables, fruits, etc.  Designate a shelf or cupboard for (each)sweet snacks, salty snacks, cereals, pastas, pre-packaged meals, etc.
     +Keep all items for baking together for ease of use while making baked goods.
     + Small cabinets usually near or over stoves are good for storing spices, seasoning packets, drink mixes, etc.
     +Rotate your food in fridge, cupboards, freezer routinely.
     +Clean out foods regularly.  Once every couple months, go through your pantry/cabinets to organize and rotate your food.  Go through fridge more frequently as one spoiled item can cause mold and bacteria to grow in your fridge, contaminating other foods.
     +Consider labeling foods when you open then with a "use by" date so you don't forget to use it while its still good or question how long it has been opened.
     +Keep food storage items on hand for new foods you plan to store.
          ~Freezer bags in small and large sizes.
          ~Re-use plastic containers with lids.  Consider re-using cottage cheese, butter and kool whip containers, etc.
          ~clips for bags of chips, crackers, cereal
          ~heavy duty foil, plastic wrap
          ~masking or freezer tape for labeling and marker
     +Make sure to keep breads closed tightly to ensure they don't stale.  Always check for mold on bread, even if before expiration date.
     +Be sure to clean up dropped crumbs and spills as they may attract fruit flies or other pests which may get into your food, making it unsafe to eat.
   
   



Thursday, January 5, 2012

Food buying, storage and handling- part one

This is part one of a series I will be doing about food buying,  storage and handling.  By knowing how to properly buy what food you will use so you do not waste, how store food and for how long, you can get the most out of your food and the most out of your money.

Part one- "best by" dates and what they mean

The other day, while going through my cupboards, I found a few bottles of Kraft Salad dressing (different kinds) that were past or nearing their "best by" date.  I am sure I got these for really cheap on sale, so if I threw them out, I wouldn't be wasting much money by doing so.  But, as I always do I try to use all of products and waste as little as possible.  I have heard most things are still good after the "best by" or "use by" dates, but what items do I keep and for how long?  So this sent me on a quest to find out how much life I could still squeeze out of my salad dressing (and whatever products I have semi-stockpiled).  I searched the internet high and low and found mostly what other people "thought" was a good time to keep things, but nothing really for sure.  Then I came upon an awesome website stilltasty.com .  It is truly a plethora of information of food on when to toss, how to store and even more.  But for now, I will give you a basic explanation and list of common foods as a quick reference guide.


*Use by/ Sell by/ Best by - what does it mean?

According to the USDA, it is not a federal law for food except infant formula to have any dating stamped on the product.  However, most companies do use this practice (thankfully!)  The dating on packages is not in reference  to the safety of the food, but more a guideline for the food's best taste and quality.

-Use by dating:   This is generally the last date which the manufacturer recommends that the product be used for best taste and quality.  Especially for perishable items.
-Best by dating:  Much the same as "use by" dating.  I often see "best by" on non perishable items such as pasta, cereal and crackers.
-Sell by:  This is mostly for the store to know when it is time to get rid of the items and a guide to keep their items at their peek of perfection.  When buying items, it is best to purchase before this date.


*How long past the dating code can I keep the items?

The following is a guide assuming that storage conditions are ideal such as adequate packaging, proper food handling and temperatures. Pantry-between 60 and 70 degrees F, Refrigerated- between 35-40 and frozen- below 0.

Sources and more information please visit:  still tasty http://stilltasty.com/,  http://stilltasty.com/fooditems/food_storage_info, USDA http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Food_Product_Dating/index.asp and FDA http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FSMA/default.htm


For a specific run down of items, check stilltasty.com.  Here is a shortened version of common items to use as a guide.  I have not included fresh produce as you can usually tell if it is bad by way of wilting, bruising, mold or browning.

+ pasta- dry, store bought pastas up to 3 years.
             egg noodle pastas up to 2 years
             both types cooked-3-5 days in refrigerator  or frozen up to 2 months
+oatmeal- dry packages oatmeal unopened 1 year, opened 8-12 months
              cooked- 3-5 days, frozen up to 6 months
+rice- most rice keep indefinitely if kept dry, except brown rice which keeps 6-18 months depending on
           storage Rice mixes that include seasonings 12-18 months.
           cooked rice 4-6 days in refrigerator or 6 months frozen
+barbecue sauce- 12 months unopened, 4 months opened and refrigerated.
+gravy- bottled or canned unopened 2-5 years, open and refrigerated 3-5 days, frozen 3-5 months
+ketchup- unopened 12 months, opened 6 months
+mayo- opened and refrigerated 2-3 months, unopened 2 years
+mustard- opened 1 year, unopened 2 years
+vegetable oil- opened 1 year, unopened 2 years
+olive oil- opened 18-24 months, unopened 2 years
+salad dressing- most all types opened and refrigerated 6-9 months, unopened 12-18 months
+cheese based pasta sauce- unopened 2-5 years, opened 7-10 days
+tomato based pasta sauce- unopened 12-18 months, opened 7-10 days
+pasteurized individually wrapped cheese slices- 1 month after date on package
+shredded or sliced cheese- 1 month after date on package (unopened), 5-7 days opened
+block of cheese sold pre wrapped- 2-3 weeks in fridge, 2 months frozen
+cream cheese block- opened 2-3 weeks, unopened- 1 month after date on package
+fresh eggs in shell in original packaging- 3-5 weeks after "sell by" date, frozen (taken out of shell) 1 year
+milk all varieties, sold fresh in dairy case- 1 week after "sell by" date, 3 months frozen
+yogurt- 7-10 days after "sell by" date, up to 2 months frozen
+beef roast fresh raw, all cuts-  3-5 days in refrigerator , frozen 6-12 months
+chicken pieces, fresh raw- 1-2 days refrigerated, frozen 9 months
+ham, fresh raw- 3-5 days refrigerated, 6 months frozen
+pork steak, fresh raw- 3-5 days refrigerated, 6-12 frozen
+chocolate candy bars- 10-12 months regardless of being open or unopened and storing in pantry, fridge, freezer
+potato chips- 2 months if unopened
+jam unopened- 2 years

+soup in a can- cream of mushroom, chicken noodle: 2-5 years unopened, opened and refrigerated 2-5 days
                        tomato: 12-18 months, 2-4 days opened and refrigerated
+canned beans (legumes)- most beans (black,kidney, baked, etc) 2-5 years unopened
+dry beans (legumes)- most beans 1 year uncooked in package
+natural peanut butter- 6 months in pantry, slightly longer in refrigerator.  Will have a rancid smell when bad
+canned beans and corn- green, snap, wax.  2-5 years unopened, 3-4 days refrigerated, 1-2 months frozen
+apple juice- bottled and sold non refrigerated unopened 12-18 months, opened and refrigerated 5-7 days
+canned peaches, pineapple-  12-18 months unopened, opened and refrigerated 5-7days
+salmon- fresh raw refrigerated 1-2 days, frozen 2-3 months
+ tuna canned or vacuum seal pouch- unopened 3-5 years, open and refrigerated 3-4 days


Please visit the links at the top of this post for more information.

Still to come in this series (tentative and in no specific order):

*Proper packaging of food for storage
*Proper location for storage
*Proper defrosting
*Temperature guide for cooked meats
*When it is best to buy (seasonal, etc)
*How much to buy for maximum usage
* Avoiding food born illnesses, tips
*How to keep produce freshest longest
*Ways to use up food nearing their expiration
*Regular vs. Organic
*National brand vs. generic
*Items to "stock up" on